Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) for the 2007 Yaris are official communications between Toyota & their dealerships that describe processes for troubleshooting or fixing certain common problems.
All vehicle manufacturers are required by U.S. law to make their TSBs available to the public.
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions. Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions. Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions. Read More »
A key part to maintain the proper function and safe operation of the vehicle's braking system is to perform a visual inspection when installing brake pads, calipers, and discs. Read More »
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP:ABS WARNING LIGHT
TOYOTA: ABS M.I.L. ON DTC C0210 OR C0215; BRAKE CONTROL/DYNAMIC CONTROL SYSTEM. SOME 2007-2008 MODEL YEAR YARIS VEHICLES MAY EXHIBIT AN ABS M.I.L. Read More »
TOYOTA: ABS M.I.L. ON DTC C0210 OR C0215; BRAKE CONTROL/DYNAMIC CONTROL SYSTEM. SOME 2007-2008 MODEL YEAR YARIS VEHICLES MAY EXHIBIT AN ABS M.I.L. Read More »
TSB: This Service Bulletin includes procedures to replace damaged or loose front carpet floor retainer(s) without replacing the carpet assembly. Read More »
A new Special Service Tool (SST 09709-00002) has been introduced to aid in the inspection procedure for certain vehicles equipped with a floor pedal-type parking brake system. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE July 01, 2019 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to 2019 ? 2020 model year Toyota vehicles. ? The Techstream Preparation and Process Overview sections have been updated. Read More »
TT: THE VEHICLE MAY BE DIFFICULT TO START OR HAVE AN ABNORMALLY LOW OR ROUGH IDLE AFTER THE BATTERY HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED OR POWER TO THE ENGINE ECM HAS BEEN INTERRUPTED. Read More »
TT: The vehicle may be difficult to start or have an abnormally low or rough idle after the battery has been disconnected or power to the Engine ECM has been interrupted. Read More »
TechTip: Condition - The vehicle may be difficult to start or have an abnormally low or rough idle after the battery has been disconnected or power to the Engine ECM has been interrupted. Read More »
TSB: Some 2006 ? 2015 model year Yaris vehicles may exhibit a squealing noise coming from the engine compartment during the engine start-up. The drive belt (v-belt) tension specification has been updated to address this condition. Read More »
"TSB: FLASH REPROGRAMMING ALLOWS THE ECU SOFTWARE TO BE UPDATED WITHOUT REPLACING THE ECU. FLASH CALIBRATION UPDATES FOR SPECIFIC VEHICLE MODELS/ECUS ARE RELEASED AS FIELD-FIX PROCEDURES DESCRIBED IN INDIVIDUAL SERVICE BULLETINS. Read More »
TSB: Flash reprogramming allows the ECU software to be updated without replacing the ECU. Flash calibration updates for specific vehicle models/ECUs are released as field-fix procedures described in individual Service Bulletins. Read More »
This is to advise of various price adjustments that will affect Toyota Genuine Motor Oil and Long Life Coolant, effective March 1, 2024. These products are ordered through the Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) website. Read More »
TOYOTA: SOME MODEL YEAR VEHICLES MAY EXHIBIT MIL ON; DTC CONDITION WITH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCS)-MASS AIR FLOW CIRCUIT RANGE/PERFORMANCE PROBLEM; MASS AIR FLOW CIRCUIT LOW INPUT; MASS AIR FLOW CIRCUIT HIGH ... Read More »
TSB: Some 2006 ? 2015 model year Yaris vehicles may exhibit a squealing noise coming from the engine compartment during the engine start-up. The drive belt (v-belt) tension specification has been updated to address this condition. Read More »
This is to advise of various price adjustments that will affect Toyota Genuine Motor Oil and Long Life Coolant, effective March 1, 2024. These products are ordered through the Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) website. Read More »
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:COOLING SYSTEM:HOSES/LINES/PIPING/FITTINGS
Some vehicles in particular geographic areas may exhibit a condition where the HVAC Evaporator Drain Hose has become obstructed with an insect nest. Read More »
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:EXHAUST SYSTEM:EMISSION CONTROL
TOYOTA: SOME 2007-2011 YARIS VEHICLES MAY EXPERIENCE A MALFUNCTION LIGHT AND FIVE STORED TROUBLE CODES DUE TO DEBRIS GETTING INTO THE EVAPORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEM. *RM UPDATED 6/29/11. *PE Read More »
FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE:STORAGE:TANK ASSEMBLY:FILLER PIPE AND CAP
TOYOTA: TO PREVENT INTRUSION TO FUEL FILLER PIPE COVER, BY WATER OR DEBRIS THROUGH FRESH AIR INLET, A FILLER PIPE PROTECTOR WAS CREATED. *PE Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE July 01, 2019 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to 2019 ? 2020 model year Toyota vehicles. ? The Techstream Preparation and Process Overview sections have been updated. Read More »
TechTip: Condition - The vehicle may be difficult to start or have an abnormally low or rough idle after the battery has been disconnected or power to the Engine ECM has been interrupted. Read More »
TSB: World Standard (WS) Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) was introduced to reduce maintenance costs and increase the mileage between scheduled maintenance checks. Read More »
TSB: The purpose of this bulletin is to provide precautions to follow when installing an automatic transmission/transaxle assembly to avoid MIL "ON" shifting issues and/or transmission damage. Read More »
The purpose of this service bulletin is to provide precautions to follow when installing an automatic transmission/transaxle assembly to avoid MIL ?ON,? shifting issues, and/or transmission damage. Read More »
TSB: World Standard (WS) Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) was introduced to reduce maintenance costs and increase the mileage between scheduled maintenance checks. Read More »
TSB: The purpose of this service bulletin is to provide information regarding the installation of the correct torque converter bolts during automatic transmission/transaxle assembly replacement. Read More »
TSB: The purpose of this bulletin is to provide precautions to follow when installing an automatic transmission/transaxle assembly to avoid MIL "ON" shifting issues and/or transmission damage. Read More »
TSB: The purpose of this bulletin is to assist in the identification and location of serial numbers on 2006 - 2014 model year automatic transmissions. Read More »
POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:COOLING UNIT AND LINES
TSB: World Standard (WS) Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) was introduced to reduce maintenance costs and increase the mileage between scheduled maintenance checks. Read More »
POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:TORQUE CONVERTER
TSB: The purpose of this service bulletin is to provide information regarding the installation of the correct torque converter bolts during automatic transmission/transaxle assembly replacement. Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE July 01, 2019 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to 2019 ? 2020 model year Toyota vehicles. ? The Techstream Preparation and Process Overview sections have been updated. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE November 22, 2017 Rev1: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2014 ? 2018 model year vehicles. Any previous printed versions of this bulletin should be discarded. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes SB No. T-SB-0101-11. Applicability has been updated to include 2016 ? 2017 model year vehicles. Service Bulletin No. Read More »
TT: THE VEHICLE MAY BE DIFFICULT TO START OR HAVE AN ABNORMALLY LOW OR ROUGH IDLE AFTER THE BATTERY HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED OR POWER TO THE ENGINE ECM HAS BEEN INTERRUPTED. Read More »
TT: Customers may experience connectivity issues when the following conditions are met: The customer's iPhone is operating on iOS9 firmware. The customer's iPhone is connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. Read More »
TSB: When servicing interior electrical switches and components, please note the precautions in this bulletin to avoid damaging electrical components and switches. Read More »
TSB: When servicing interior electrical switches and components, please note the precautions in this bulletin to avoid damaging electrical components and switches. Read More »
"TSB: FLASH REPROGRAMMING ALLOWS THE ECU SOFTWARE TO BE UPDATED WITHOUT REPLACING THE ECU. FLASH CALIBRATION UPDATES FOR SPECIFIC VEHICLE MODELS/ECUS ARE RELEASED AS FIELD-FIX PROCEDURES DESCRIBED IN INDIVIDUAL SERVICE BULLETINS. Read More »
TT: The vehicle may be difficult to start or have an abnormally low or rough idle after the battery has been disconnected or power to the Engine ECM has been interrupted. Read More »
TechTip: Condition - The vehicle may be difficult to start or have an abnormally low or rough idle after the battery has been disconnected or power to the Engine ECM has been interrupted. Read More »
TechTip: Condition: Customers may experience connectivity issues when the following conditions are met: The customer?s iPhone is operating on iOS9 firmware The customer?s iPhone is connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. Read More »
TechTip: Condition: Customers may experience connectivity issues when the following conditions are met: The customer?s iPhone is operating on iOS9 firmware The customer?s iPhone is connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. Read More »
TSB: Flash reprogramming allows the ECU software to be updated without replacing the ECU. Flash calibration updates for specific vehicle models/ECUs are released as field-fix procedures described in individual Service Bulletins. Read More »
TSB: Flash reprogramming allows the ECU software to be updated without replacing the ECU. Flash calibration updates for specific vehicle models/ECUs are released as field-fix procedures described in individual Service Bulletins. Read More »
Flash reprogramming allows the ECU software to be updated without replacing the ECU. Flash calibration updates for specific vehicle models/ECUs are released as field-fix procedures described in individual Service Bulletins. Read More »
Flash reprogramming allows the ECU software to be updated without replacing the ECU. Flash calibration updates for specific vehicle models/ECUs are released as field-fix procedures described in individual Service Bulletins. Read More »
The appearance of spots in tempered glass (when viewed at certain angles) is the result of the heat treating and quick quenching process during manufacturing. Read More »
TSB: Replacement certification labels (the vinyl label installed on the driver door or door post) and VIN plates (the metal plate riveted to dashboard) (see Figure 1) for most 1979 ? 2023 model year vehicles may be available provided the ... Read More »
TSB: Some 2005 ? 2022 model year Toyota vehicles that have undergone water intrusion may exhibit a condition in which a musty smell is present. Follow the procedures in this bulletin to remediate the odor and address this condition. Read More »
Region Letter: Toyota will be sending Safety Recall Follow-Up Notices to remind owners whose vehicles have not yet had campaign repairs completed. Read More »
Dealer Letter: Toyota will be sending Safety Recall Follow-Up Notices to remind owners whose vehicles have not yet had campaign repairs completed. Read More »
Toyota vehicles are equipped with Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS), including various airbags and in some models, seat belt pre-tensioners, to help reduce the risk of injury in a collision. Read More »
Beginning in 1998, Toyota introduced side airbags as optional equipment. Toyota does NOT recommend replacement of original seat covers with non-Toyota leather or other seat cover materials on vehicles due to the following: Seat covers ... Read More »
Toyota vehicles are equipped with SRS, including various airbags and in some models, seat belt pre-tensioners, to help reduce the risk of injury in a collision. Read More »
TSB: Some 2005 ? 2022 model year Toyota vehicles that have undergone water intrusion may exhibit a condition in which a musty smell is present. Follow the procedures in this bulletin to remediate the odor and address this condition. Read More »
TSB: On some vehicles, when Rapgard is removed, the paint may have a stained appearance. These stains appear to be under the clear coat (repainting this area is not necessary). The stain patterns are usually under wrinkles in the Rapgard. Read More »
TSB: On some vehicles, when Rapgard is removed, the paint may have a stained appearance. These stains appear to be under the clear coat (repainting this area is not necessary). The stain patterns are usually under wrinkles in the Rapgard. Read More »
Toyota vehicles are equipped with either conventional or run-flat tires. Sometimes punctures may occur as a result of contact with road debris or other hazards. Read More »
TSB: Vehicle replacement certification labels (the vinyl label installed on the driver door or door post) and VIN plates (the metal plate riveted to dashboard) may be available from Toyota, provided the request meets one of the criteria ... Read More »
TSB: Replacement certification labels (the vinyl label installed on the driver door or door post) and VIN plates (the metal plate riveted to dashboard) (see Figure 1) for most 1979 ? 2023 model year vehicles may be available provided the ... Read More »
TOYOTA: ACCELERATOR PEDAL SENSOR ASSEMBLY INFORMATION REGARDING THE INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND INSTALLATION, IF LUBRICATION OR OIL, IS APPLIED. *PE Read More »
TOYOTA SERVICE CAMPAIGN: SEE DOCUMENT SEARCH BUTTON FOR OWNER LETTER. A RADIO UNDER A CERTAIN FREQUENCY CAN ALTER ENGINE SPEED BRIEFLY. 2006-2009 YARIS. *RM Read More »
POL: This consolidated Tire Warranty Guide contains the complete warranty terms for all brands of ground and spare tires currently in use by Toyota. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE February 12, 2018 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2015 ? 2018 model year vehicles. January 23, 2014 Rev1: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2013 ? 2014 model year vehicles. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE February 12, 2018 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2015 ? 2018 model year vehicles. January 23, 2014 Rev1: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2013 ? 2014 model year vehicles. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE February 12, 2018 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2015 ? 2018 model year vehicles. January 23, 2014 Rev1: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2013 ? 2014 model year vehicles. Read More »
Toyota vehicles are equipped with either conventional or run-flat tires. Sometimes punctures may occur as a result of contact with road debris or other hazards. Read More »
POL: This consolidated Tire Warranty Guide contains the complete warranty terms for all brands of ground and spare tires currently in use by Toyota. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin Nos. ST005-01, SU001-08, and T-SB-0391-08. The aforementioned bulletins are obsolete, and any printed versions should be discarded. Read More »
Beginning in 1998, Toyota introduced side airbags as optional equipment. Toyota does NOT recommend replacement of original seat covers with non-Toyota leather or other seat cover materials on vehicles due to the following: Seat covers ... Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions. Read More »
TT: Some Toyota vehicles installed with Toyota Complete Maintenance Care (TCMC) brake pads may exhibit a groan or squeak noise in various driving conditions. Read More »
TSB: Some 2006 ? 2015 model year Yaris vehicles may exhibit a squealing noise coming from the engine compartment during the engine start-up. The drive belt (v-belt) tension specification has been updated to address this condition. Read More »
If a creak, tick, or rattle noise is heard at the top or bottom of the windshield, or at the top of the rear glass, the source of the noise may be the two stoppers bonded to the top of the windshield/rear glass, or the windshield ... Read More »
TSB: Replacement certification labels (the vinyl label installed on the driver door or door post) and VIN plates (the metal plate riveted to dashboard) (see Figure 1) for most 1979 ? 2023 model year vehicles may be available provided the ... Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TSB: Replacement certification labels (the vinyl label installed on the driver door or door post) and VIN plates (the metal plate riveted to dashboard) (see Figure 1) for most 1979 ? 2021 model year vehicles may be available provided the ... Read More »
TSB: OBSOLETE NOTICE April 07, 2020: This bulletin is now obsolete. Please see T-SB-0032-20. Replacement Certification Labels and VIN Plates Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin Nos. PG021-88, PG015-89, PG0015-90, PG002-91, PG002-93, PG005-97, PG007-01, PG007-07, PG006-01, PG004-97, T-SB-0144-08, and T-SB-0304-17. Read More »
TSB: Some 2004 ? 2017 model year Toyota vehicles may exhibit odors naturally occurring from the HVAC system and/or related environmental factors. Read More »
TSB: Vehicles may display evidence of a fluid leak or fluid seep from powertrain components. This bulletin explains how to determine the differences between a fluid leak versus a fluid seep. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE July 31, 2018 Rev2: ? The Supersession Notice has been updated. January 11, 2018 Rev1: ? The Supersession Notice has been updated. Any previous printed versions of this bulletin should be discarded. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin No. T-SB-0043-14. ? Applicability has been updated to include 2017 ? 2018 model year Toyota vehicles. Service Bulletin No. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin Nos. PG021-88, PG015-89, PG0015-90, PG002-91, PG002-93, PG005-97, PG007-01, PG007-07, and T-SB-0144-08. Service Bulletin Nos. Read More »
TT: THERE ARE CURRENTLY MULTIPLE YARIS MODELS LISTED IN TIS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS TECH TIP IS TO CLARIFY THESE MODELS AND TO HELP YOU MAKE THE APPROPRIATE SELECTION. Read More »
TT: THERE ARE CURRENTLY MULTIPLE YARIS MODELS LISTED IN TIS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS TECH TIP IS TO CLARIFY THESE MODELS AND TO HELP YOU MAKE THE APPROPRIATE SELECTION. Read More »
TT: There are currently multiple Yaris models listed in TIS. The purpose of this Tech Tip is to clarify these models and to help you make the appropriate selection. Read More »
TT: CUSTOMERS MAY EXPERIENCE CONNECTIVITY ISSUES WHEN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE MET: THE CUSTOMER'S IPHONE IS OPERATING ON IOS9 FIRMWARE. THE CUSTOMER'S IPHONE IS CONNECTED TO THE VEHICLE VIA BLUETOOTH. Read More »
A key part to maintain the proper function and safe operation of the vehicle's braking system is to perform a visual inspection when installing brake pads, calipers, and discs. Read More »
Beginning in 1998, Toyota introduced side airbags as optional equipment. Toyota does NOT recommend replacement of original seat covers with non-Toyota leather or other seat cover materials on vehicles due to the following: Seat covers ... Read More »
A new Special Service Tool (SST 09709-00002) has been introduced to aid in the inspection procedure for certain vehicles equipped with a floor pedal-type parking brake system. Read More »
California (CA), Federal (FED), and 50 State Certified emission control underhood labels (emission labels) may be obtained through your dealership?s Parts Department utilizing standard replacement parts ordering procedures. Read More »
A revised procedure has been developed to ensure proper removal and installation of the sun visor. Please use the following procedure for removal and installation of the sun visor. Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TSB: When servicing interior electrical switches and components, please note the precautions in this bulletin to avoid damaging electrical components and switches. Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TSB: The Immobilizer and Smart Key Reset is a feature that allows the registration of new keys when all master keys are lost. Once the system is reset, all previously registered keys will be erased. Read More »
TT: CUSTOMERS MAY EXPERIENCE CONNECTIVITY ISSUES WHEN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE MET: THE CUSTOMER'S IPHONE IS OPERATING ON IOS9 FIRMWARE. THE CUSTOMER'S IPHONE IS CONNECTED TO THE VEHICLE VIA BLUETOOTH. Read More »
TT: Customers may experience connectivity issues when the following conditions are met: The customer's iPhone is operating on iOS9 firmware. The customer's iPhone is connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. Read More »
TSB: Some 2005 ? 2022 model year Toyota vehicles that have undergone water intrusion may exhibit a condition in which a musty smell is present. Follow the procedures in this bulletin to remediate the odor and address this condition. Read More »
POL: This consolidated Tire Warranty Guide contains the complete warranty terms for all brands of ground and spare tires currently in use by Toyota. Read More »
TT: There are currently multiple Yaris models listed in TIS. The purpose of this Tech Tip is to clarify these models and to help you make the appropriate selection. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE October 30, 2017 Rev1: * Applicability has been updated to include 2018 model year vehicles. SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes SB No. T-SB-0012-13. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin No. T-SB-0033-14. ? Applicability has been updated to include 2019 model year Toyota vehicles. Service Bulletin No. Read More »
TSB: Some 2006 ? 2022 model year Toyota vehicles in particular geographic areas may exhibit a condition where the HVAC evaporator drain hose has become obstructed with an insect nest. Read More »
TSB: SUPERSESSION NOTICE The information contained in this bulletin supersedes Service Bulletin No. T-SB-0033-14. ? Applicability has been updated to include 2019 model year Toyota vehicles. Service Bulletin No. Read More »
TSB: Some vehicles in particular geographic areas may exhibit a condition where the HVAC evaporator drain hose has become obstructed with an insect nest. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE March 08, 2017 Rev1: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2015 - 2017 model year Toyota vehicles. ? The Parts Information section has been updated. Read More »
TSB: REVISION NOTICE November 10, 2016 Rev2: ? Applicability has been updated to include 2016 ? 2017 model year Toyota vehicles. ? Parts Information section has been updated. Read More »
TSB: The procedure in this bulletin is a general guideline on how to properly diagnose the air conditioning system after a component failure. Refer to the applicable Repair Manual for vehicle specific repair procedures and parts. Read More »
TSB: The procedure in this bulletin is a general guideline on how to properly diagnose the air conditioning system after a component failure. Refer to the applicable Repair Manual for vehicle specific repair procedures and parts. Read More »
TSB: Some 2004 - 2015 model year Toyota vehicles may exhibit odors naturally occurring from the HVAC system and/or related environmental factors. Read More »
TSB: Some 2004 - 2015 model year Toyota vehicles may exhibit odors naturally occurring from the HVAC system and/or related environmental factors. Read More »
Some 2004 ? 2014 model year Toyota vehicles may exhibit odors naturally occurring from the HVAC system and/or related environmental factors. Read More »
If a creak, tick, or rattle noise is heard at the top or bottom of the windshield, or at the top of the rear glass, the source of the noise may be the two stoppers bonded to the top of the windshield/rear glass, or the windshield ... Read More »
